Philip IIs Contribution to the Later Achievements of Alexander the Great Essay Example For Students

Philip IIs Contribution to the Later Achievements of Alexander the Great Essay What was Philip II s part to the ulterior accomplishments of Alexander the Great? The lives of Philip II and Alexander the Great were intertwined in legion ways. Philip II centralised ancient Macedonia. Philip II besides built an ground forces of unprecedented ability and resiliency, which conquered the Grecian peninsula and prepared the conquering of the Persian Empire that amalgamated with a Greco-Macedonia ground forces. Alexander in point of fact led the invading forces, when he conquered the great Iranian Empire. Alexander so took his ground forces to the boundary lines of modern India. Which is where Alexander created a monarchy and imperium that, despite its atomization, shaped the political cultural, and spiritual universe of the Hellenistic period. Alexander drove the engine his male parent had built, if Alexander had non done so, Philips II accomplishments might hold been short lived as plentifulness of old Macedonian swayers. Although it might be true some bookmans believed that Alexander played a function in his male parent s slaying, may be straight and indirectly, in Order to take the ocean trip to Asia that Philip II had organised ( Carney and Ogden, 2010 ) . The purpose of this essay is to analyze Philips II part to the ulterior accomplishments of Alexander the Great. The most important point is Philip had bequeathed to Alexander three important things ( Ashley, 2004, P: 7 ) .The first portion of the essay will analyze, Alexander’s nature and instruction including Aristotle, the 2nd portion will analyze the ground forces that Philip created in which subsequently Alexander inherited ( Curtis A ; Hansen, 2013, P: 156 ) . The 3rd portion and concluding analysis consists of the established fatherland ( Ashley, 2004, P: 8 ) . Alexander III of Macedon was better known as Alexander the Great, who was known to mankind for his celebrated character and great achievements ( Thomas, 2007, P: 1 ) . Alexander was the boy of Philip II and Olympia. Philip II was the male monarch of Macedonia and Olympia s was the princess of Epirus ( Stewart, 1993, p18 ) . Alexander achieved the impossible. It is deserving observing that unambiguously in 13 old ages Alexander managed to suppress the whole known universe. Alexander moulded the greatest Grecian imperium in history. Despite all of Alexander s great achievements, Alexander still lived in his male parent s shadow. Due to the argus-eyed readying and bravery actions of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander would hold small or no topographic point in history. The domination of Philip on Alexander s actions and life can be seen throughout every facet of his behavior. Alexander owes his destiny and topographic point in history to his male parent s actions and superb premeditation ( Joyer, 2012 ) . This is clear due to Philips II military reforms, for illustration the sarissa, including foot tactics, and a formidable Macedonian ground forces and non burying an first-class instruction and tutoring of his twenty-four hours. Black lovage as he entered the greater wider universe in his immature maturity commenced his instruction. Alexander s chief coach Aristotle educated Alexander in doctrine, authorities, political relations, poesy, play and the scientific disciplines ( Gunther, 2007, P: 28 ) . Aristotle was appointed by Philip, but was educated off from tribunal at Mieza and influenced Alexander s spiritual instruction ( Blackwell, 2009, P: 193 ) . Aristotle in hisHymn to Excellence ( AreTe )1used Alexander ascendants, Heracles, Achilles, as epic ethos as a manner of reenforcing the influence of his other wise mans ( Gunther, 2007, P: 28 ) . The focal point of Alexander s surveies was the rubric Iliad as a enchiridion of soldierly heroism. It is deserving observing that Alexander is said to hold learned it by bosom ( Worthington, 2012, P: 336 ) and the esteem of Achilles lasted during class of his life, because of these ancient influences and his single character, Alexander became the most magnetic, su ccessful, complicated, disputing and combative vanquisher of an ancient title-holder in Macedonia even in the fourth century. Before turning to the inquiry of the Macedonian ground forces to which the foundations could merely be constructed upon as a effect of Philip, is the inquiry of mintage, as this was an of import part to ulterior accomplishments of Alexander who was vastly effectual tactician and propagandist. Coining was quickly taken up in the booming Grecian metropolis authoritiess, merely over the Aegean Sea, though it was chiefly silver until Philip II of Macedon ( 359-336 BC ) acquired the gold and Ag mines in Thrace ( New Bulgaria ) ( Whibley, 1916, P: 546 ) . Philips boy Alexander the Great ( 336-323 BC ) conglomerated the Greek Empire with the licking of the Persian imperium, and geting it s immerse gold hoarded wealth built up by the Persians from gold beginnings on the river Oxus. It is proclaimed that Alexander the Great took over 22 metric metric tons ( 7000,000 troy ounces ) of gold coin in booty the Persians ( Sutherland, 1959 ) . For both Philip II and Alexander the Great, gold became indispensable manner of paying their ground forcess and run intoing other military disbursals ( Blackwell, 2011, p:465 ) . Under the Greek imperium, the coins were stamped with the caput of the male monarch, alternatively of king of beastss, bulls, random-access memories, that had antecedently decorated gold coin elsewhere ( Sutherland, 1959 ) . In 357 Philip captured Amphipolis ( Roisman, 2011, P: 38.3.B ) . This settlement was Athens. Philips authorization of the strategic control became the debate between Athens and Macedonia. Philip conceivably asseverated to retrace Athens, which Philip neer did. Athinais in bend stated war, which was neer pursued ( Roisman, 2011, P: 38.3.B ) . In 356 Philip captured the metropolis of Crenides in the Thrace and after adding to it district and colonists, Philip rename it Philippi ( Roisman, 2011, pg. 38.3.B ) . The proprietary of Philippi and Amphipolis permitted Philip to mine Ag and gold ore. This made Philip wealthy, in fact one of the wealthiest work forces in Greece. Philips Ag and gold coins in clip replaced Athenian coins. Another relevant point is that, Philip was a excessive Spender, when Philip was murdered Alexander found he inherited Philips debt. Philip learnt a batch from Epaminondas, by populating in near about to a great adult male, by detecting the effect of his character. Philip learned a lesson in the power of single will, of which his ulterior life was a consistent expounding. Epaminondas was a superb and forceful political dreamer than Pericles, Epaminondas far transcends the Athenian in the ruder filed of action . 2 Epaminondas won their obeisance by sheer laterality of will and their awestruck regard by consistent subordination of ego to their common good ( Hogarth, 1897, pg. 39 ) . Empinondas besides stands entirely in rational distinction . 3 Empinondas was an fervent student of doctrine, and a first category lector. Philip created a formidable ground forces. Philip besides introduced military service as a paid and lasting occupation. This manner the soldiers where better trained as they were non disrupted by crops and farming work this meant the ground forces was able to develop invariably. The ground forces was besides kept in one topographic point to be ready at all times ( Ashley, 2004, P: 14 ) . The sun also rises Essay SummaryThis was a hard essay to compose, as beginnings covering with Philip are limited ( Ashley, 2004, P: 74 ) . Depending on the manner you approach as it’s easy to concentrate excessively narrowly on the accomplishments of Alexander, without holding analysed the part of Philip. Briefly it can be said that in many of the books I have read about this subject, many of the chapters were occupied with inside informations of sentiments about Alexander the Great, and in that advancement his male parent King Philip of Macedonia was forgot. What a defect! Personally, I am inclined to believe that universe had non known Alexander the Great as Alexander ranked his ego above ordinary persons ( Rostovtzeff, 1926, P: 352 ) so Philip would non hold been talked about. On the other manus if it had non been for Philip, who laid most of the land work in which Alexander inherited, Alexander so he would non hold become Alexander the Great. Alexander reaped the benef it of his male parent s work non merely military ( the ground forces he had been trained to utilize ) , but through astute economic and diplomatic policy. Macedonia was a hapless district. The people lived in changeless war with everyone and each other. Philip took things into his ain custodies, as he had great political acuteness and nuance. Philip did this by making a professional ground forces, consolidating lodgers with armed metropoliss. Philip achieved this by corrupting with mintage and cunning his enemies. Philip turned silver and gold excavation to a profitable concern. Philip besides built roads and canals. The amalgamation of Macedonia was a really hard and drawn-out undertaking. Which paid off really good in the terminal. To return to an earlier point it is deserving observing that it was Philip who created the first land province in history ( Gabriel, 2010, P: 2 ) , Greece, by replacing the disused metropolis province system. Philips most formidable accomplishment was the peace of Corinth where Philip eventually united all his old antagonists, non burying Athens into one entity. The parts that lead to the ulterior accomp lishments of Alexander were the instruction of Aristotle, the ground forces Philip created including mintage and an established fatherland. Unfortunately for Alexander, he felt held back by his male parent and ever seem to populate in the shadow of his male parent which seem to haunted by this as his accomplishments insignificant to those of his male parent. Alexander and Philip competed with each in many ways emulation and bitterness as stated in Fredricksmeyer 1990. Even though I do non hold with every statement in diary of Alexander and Philip by Fredricksmeyer 1990. It s a absorbing portraiture of their relationship and gives first-class beginnings of mentions and happenings in their relationship. Alexander and Philip were both great in their ain right. If Philip had non created the ground forces he did, Alexander could non hold achieved what he did, yet Philip on the other manus could non hold achieved what Alexander did had he survived. Alexander was Philips true boy and inh eritor. It was Philips parts that laid the foundations for Alexander to go the adult male he was, for case, instruction, the ground forces and besieging warfare that Alexander inherited and an established fatherland. Notes 1 Hymnto AreTe:Athen. 15.696 B-D. Study oflliad:Plut:Alex8.2 ; 26.1-2 ; Plin. NH 7. 108 ; Strabo 13.1. 27. Memorizing lliad: Dio Ghrysostom 4.39. 2. Nepos,Epam. 4. 3.Id. , Epam. 3 ; Diod. , l.c. ,and 88. 4 From Arr. , three. 16, where the recruits ( pes ) from Macedonia are distributed into, ?a?ˆ . Cf. Curt. , v. 2. 6, where we are told that Alexander s chief invention at Susa were the abolishment of all local and national divisions throughout the ground forces. 6 Cf. Diod. , xvii. 63, 74 ; Curt. , seven. 5. 23 7 Army of Alexander indiary. Of linguistics,seventeen, No. 33, P: 14. 8 Tact.16 cited in Lendon 9 The happenstance of Polybius ( xvii. 12 ) with Polyaenus ( two. 29. 2 ) and the 2nd recension of the Tactica ( 15 ) puts this beyond uncertainty. Cf. besides Livy s comments on its unmanageable length ( xliv. 41 ) . The first recension of theTacticareads ?a?ˆ for ?a? , cut downing the length to fourteen or 16 pess: but either this is a manuscript mistake or rectification, or it is a reminiscence of the earliersarissa. 10ld.three. 11 ; six. 6. 11 Diod. , xvi. 8. Bibliography Ashley. J. 2004, The Macedonia Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander Great, 359-323 B.C. Blackwell. W. 2009,ALEXANDER THE GREAT: A New HISTORY. Blackwell. W. 2011,The Companion to Ancient Macedonia: Edited by JOSEPH ROISMAN AND IAN WORTHINGTON. Carney. E and Ogden. D. 2010,Philip II and Alexander theGreat: Fatherand Son, Lives and Afterlives ( Oxford university imperativeness ) . Curtis. K. A ; Hansen. V. 2013,Ocean trips in World History Curt. 4.6.29 ; 9.3.19 ; Arr.5.28.3 ; 7.14.4 ; Plut.Alex. 15.8-9 ; 62.5 ; 72.3 ; Diod.17.97.3 ; Ael. VH 7.8 Ameling 1988. Edmunds 1971: 363-91 ; King 1987: 1-45 ; Fredricksmeyer 1990: 304-6 ; Ameling 1988: 658-60 ; Stewart 1993:81 ; Huttner 1997: passim. Fredricksmeyer, E. A. 1990. Alexander and Philip: Emulation and Resentment. CJ 85: 300-15. Gabriel. R. 2010,Philip II of Macedonia: Greater Than Alexander. Gunther. J. 2007,ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Joyer. B. 2012, Alexander: Living inside the shadow. 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